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【无轨电车新技术】不停车集电杆任意点连通接触网

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发表于 2015-6-10 19:12 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 ich 于 2015-6-10 22:50 编辑

一年多以前,德国DIaLOGIKa公司在youtube网站上传了一个视频“Trolleybus automatically reconnecting with overhead wires after branch(无轨电车通过岔路口后自动与架空线恢复连接)”,可谓是一种突破性的创新思维,觉得挺有意义,为了方便国内收看,本人就把它转到了土豆网上。此消息在微博上和公交巴士迷聚集的网站上引发了关注……



这一设想也已被DIaLOGIKa和Kummler+Matter AG两公司投入到实际试验中,项目称作LibroDuct,具体情况也在官网有所公开(http://www.dialogika.de/en/sectors-and-projects/electromobility-with-libroduct),但由于内容多是德语和英语,在此转发过来并稍加注解,方便网友对其的了解。

 楼主| 发表于 2015-6-10 19:32 | 显示全部楼层
E-Mobility with LibroDuct

Oncoming bus using the same overhead lines — one of the buses temporarily disconnects(对向两车共享一对架空线,接近时一方暂时脱线)


The bus drives around the obstacle and then reconnects(车辆脱线绕开行驶轨迹上的障碍物后,集电杆恢复连接)


At a bus stop the bus automatically contacts the overhead wire to recharge its batteries(站点停车时,集电杆自动连接架空线为电池充电)


The bus automatically disconnects to cross tram or other electrified rail lines(车辆在穿越有轨电车或电气化铁路道口时,自动脱线)


The bus automatically disconnects and then reconnects around the corner(车辆经过岔路口时,自动脱线后恢复搭线)

Motivation(动机,即为什么要这么做)
Electromobility has been gaining in relevance recently in view of sustainable urban and traffic planning movements although there have been electric trains, trams, trolleybuses and cars for over a century. Trolleybuses (also referred to as ‘catenary buses’) have not been able to gain general acceptance in competing with conventional diesel- or gas-powered buses although trolleybuses are not only cost efficient but energy efficient as well, and produce zero emissions. Since trolleybuses are largely affixed to overhead wires, manual intervention or even a structural solution is required when the bus has to be routed around a temporary obstacle. A supplementary energy source on board is useful to only a limited extent when encountering these obstacles, regardless of whether the source is a battery or auxiliary diesel. The net result of these disadvantages is that in Germany, for example, there are currently 23,000 diesel buses deployed in urban transport as opposed to less than 100 trolleybuses. Also, other e-mobility variants like battery- or fuel cell-powered buses or hybrid buses still pose too many limitations in terms of their operating range or convenience, or are considered to only be transitional technologies, i.e. not ready for prime time.

The solution: LibroDuct(解决方案——LibroDuct,即该做什么)
DIaLOGIKa and project partner Kummler+Matter AG looked long and hard for solutions to this issue — and ultimately developed LibroDuct. With this system trolleybuses are able to connect to and disconnect from the overhead wire fully automatically, while travelling or stopped. LibroDuct is based on conventional pole current collector and overhead electrical contact wire systems. The LibroDuct principle is founded on a control system for which patent is pending at the international level. Combined with the novel mechanical components of the current collector system, for which patent is also pending, LibroDuct makes use of various software-based processes, enabling buses to automatically switch between operating with and without overhead lines, thus paving the way for the electrification of local public transport networks.

The technology(技术)
LibroDuct unites the positive aspects of trolleybus and battery-powered bus technologies. It enables battery-powered buses to recharge while underway (if only at bus stops), resulting in a drastic reduction in the battery capacity required. LibroDuct also enables trolleybuses to travel for extended distances without being connected to overhead lines. This means that with LibroDuct the construction of overhead lines can be cost-effectively restricted to main routes or specific bus stops and steep inclines requiring substantial electrical power. Thanks to their ability to autonomously disconnect from and recontact overhead lines, LibroDuct-enabled trolleybuses can easily master exceptional situations like sudden obstacles posed by accidents or temporary construction sites. Trolleybuses can also be used to serve heritage sites and historically protected areas without visually blighting them with overhead wires.

Key features(主要功能)

Software, not hardware
Instead of relying on failure-prone mechanical sensors, the position of the overhead lines and current collectors is determined by way of stereoscopic pattern recognition using digital cameras. These signals control the components of the current collector system for precision disconnecting and recontacting.

Retrievers – a thing of the past
The software also enables dewiring – when the trolley poles inadvertently slip off the overhead wires – to be detected and the poles to be reliably repositioned and resecured via the actuators controlling pole movement. Collision is prevented with the overhead wires, the other trolley pole or other obstacles, thus making this system superior to those employing conventional mechanical retrievers.

Optional features(可选功能)
Car-to-car communication
Digital communication (e.g. trunked radio or digital short range communication as per ITS-G5) is used to negotiate with other buses using the same overhead line to determine which of the two is to disconnect when passing or encountering a single pair of overhead wires.

Navigation via GPS and built-in digital map
Thanks to its GPS system (and other sensors), LibroDuct always ‘knows’ where the bus is located. This information is compared with a stored route map containing details showing where overhead lines may be expected that the bus may contact, and which of possibly several pairs of overhead lines is to be used.

Communication with the control centre
LibroDuct automatically receives route information updates for its digital map from the control center via its digital wireless interface so that the driver only has to input the route ID at the beginning of a journey. LibroDuct does everything else. LibroDuct is also able to use this interface to transmit information about critical situations, e.g. obstacles, to the control center for dissemination to other buses.

Energy-efficient operation thanks to intelligent technology
Using its digital map or statistical data from previous journeys, LibroDuct is able to predict the energy consumption and possible energy recuperation on the remaining portion of the route to be covered by the bus. This information is used by LibroDuct to optimize energy use and storage in the energy accumulator.

 楼主| 发表于 2015-6-10 19:42 | 显示全部楼层

1.架空接触网
2.集电头触靴
3.集电杆
4.集电杆限位安全绳
5.压力弹簧
6.立体光学摄像机
7.车顶设施
8.集电杆锁定装置
9.安全绳电机


立体光学图像识别:利用位于两侧的两个立体光学摄像机成像,实时自动捕捉架空线的位置。

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 楼主| 发表于 2015-6-10 20:16 | 显示全部楼层
Automatic Dewiring and Recontacting (集电杆自动脱线、自动复连)

Features
  Fully automatic dewiring and connection to the overhead wire at stops and during travel without driver interaction (停站时、行驶中,集电杆自动脱线、自动复连,无需驾驶员干预)
  Conventional trolley pole and wire(使用常规集电杆和架空线,即对现有设备无需做过多改动)
  Flexibility / cost reduction (trolleybuses) 提高灵活性,降低成本
  Just-in-time conductive recharging (battery buses) 即时在线充电
  Partial catenary (e.g. only at bus stops and steep inclines) 只需架设部分接触网(如只在公交站点和陡坡路段)
  Innovative control system (patent pending) 创新型控制系统(专利申请中)
-  Stereo-optical pattern recognition
-  Target tracking
-  Energy management
- 立体光学图像识别
- 目标跟踪
- 能源管理

优点主要有以下几方面:
提高无轨电车的灵活性和适应性,无需集电杆捕捉器,实现任意超车绕道;
部分复杂困难路段、岔路口无需架空接触网,无需使用分线器、并线器、交叉器等各种线网枢纽件,减少架空线的视觉影响;
对向只需架设一对架空线,且无需大量花费电池和设备改进费用,降低建设和运营成本。
 楼主| 发表于 2015-6-10 20:23 | 显示全部楼层



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发表于 2015-6-10 22:24 | 显示全部楼层
但是这个的原理是什么啊?
发表于 2015-6-10 22:26 来自手机 | 显示全部楼层
双方向车共用一条线不太现实,还是架双线吧
 楼主| 发表于 2015-6-10 22:52 | 显示全部楼层
福田 发表于 2015-6-10 22:26
双方向车共用一条线不太现实,还是架双线吧


共用一对架空线对于超过三个车道的道路不适合
发表于 2015-6-10 22:57 | 显示全部楼层
这个设想我也有过,定位用的限位绳可以采用类似T型升降弓的设计

发表于 2015-6-10 22:58 | 显示全部楼层



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发表于 2015-6-10 23:05 | 显示全部楼层
解释一下

1和2构成T型升降器

3为锁钩,有待设计

2为导轨,锁钩3锁住集电杆后,能够在导轨2延导轨移动

因而确定锁钩3对准架空线的位置,启动气泵1,将T型升降器整体抬升,既能将集电杆钩到架空线上去

只要架空线在导轨2的垂直范围内,算上集电杆的集电头的位置会更外面,范围小些,因而实现无轨电车集电杆的任意位置捕线

实现智能化,不需捕捉器。


只是设想啦。。。。。。。。但愿有帮助

 楼主| 发表于 2015-6-10 23:06 | 显示全部楼层

这样导致偏线距太短
发表于 2015-6-10 23:07 | 显示全部楼层
ich 发表于 2015-6-10 23:06
这样导致偏线距太短

集电杆不需改动啊,只是捕捉架空线的范围仅限于车顶,车宽的范围内
发表于 2015-6-10 23:11 | 显示全部楼层
ich 发表于 2015-6-10 23:06
这样导致偏线距太短

我很担心随着电池技术的发展,无轨电车总是往脱线方向发展,会抑制对无轨电车架空线的研究,比如更简单,用新材料使架空线更牢固,更安全,颜色更美观,分并器更简洁,等等等。。

我希望无轨电车架空线设计这个学科能一直发展下去,不要掉入储能设备的陷阱,最后不伦不类,真的被历史否定。。。
 楼主| 发表于 2015-6-10 23:36 | 显示全部楼层
steady 发表于 2015-6-10 23:07
集电杆不需改动啊,只是捕捉架空线的范围仅限于车顶,车宽的范围内

集电杆是套在3里的不是?左右偏线范围被限制在2的长度内了不是?
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